THE WESTERNS AND WAR FILMS OF JOHN FORD FILM AND HISTORY Series Editor: Cynthia J. Miller EuropeanCinemaaftertheWall:ScreeningEast–WestMobility,editedbyLeenEngelen andKrisVanHeuckelom NativeAmericansonNetworkTV:Stereotypes,Myths,andthe“GoodIndian,”byMi- chaelRayFitzGerald BringingHistorytoLifethroughFilm:TheArtofCinematicStorytelling,editedby KathrynAnneMorey HollywoodandtheEndoftheColdWar:SignsofCinematicChange,byBrynUpton SmartChicksonScreen:RepresentingWomen’sIntellectinFilmandTelevision,edited byLauraMattoonD’Amore TheJFKImage:ProfilesinDocudrama,byRalucaLuciaCimpean FoodonFilm:BringingSomethingNewtotheTable,editedbyTomHertweck RealWarvs.ReelWar:Veterans,Hollywood,andWWII,bySuzanneBroderick TalkingaboutPaulineKael:Critics,Filmmakers,andScholarsRememberanIcon,edited byWayneStengel TheWesternsandWarFilmsofJohnFord,bySueMatheson THE WESTERNS AND WAR FILMS OF JOHN FORD Sue Matheson ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham • Boulder • New York • London PublishedbyRowman&Littlefield AwhollyownedsubsidiaryofTheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup, Inc. 4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706 www.rowman.com UnitA,WhitacreMews,26-34StannaryStreet,LondonSE114AB Copyright©2016byRowman&Littlefield Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorby anyelectronicormechanicalmeans,includinginformationstorageandretriev- alsystems,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher,exceptbyareviewer whomayquotepassagesinareview. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Matheson,Sue. ThewesternsandwarfilmsofJohnFord/SueMatheson. pagescm.—(Filmandhistory) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-4422-6105-1(hardback:alk.paper)—ISBN978-1-4422-6106-8(ebook)1.Ford, John,1894-1973—Criticismandinterpretation.2.Westernfilms—UnitedStates—Historyand criticism.3.Warfilms—UnitedStates—Historyandcriticism.I.Title. PN1998.3.F65M352016 791.4302'33092—dc23 2015031674 TMThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsof AmericanNationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaper forPrintedLibraryMaterials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992. PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica To the memory of Mary Evelyn Matheson, who understood survivor guilt CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix Introduction xiii 1 ACareerMan 1 2 EarlyDaysintheHollywoodWest:FromStraightShooting toTheIronHorse 29 3 TheHeroicWest:From3BadMentoDrumsalongthe Mohawk 49 4 NotforSelfbutforCountry:FromSalutetoSubmarinePatrol 75 5 InTheNavy:TheBattleofMidway 97 6 WarStories:TheyWereExpendable 119 7 CritiquingCombatCulture:FortApache 143 8 KeepingtheFaith:SheWoreaYellowRibbon 163 9 TheWaratHome:RioGrande 185 10 Veterans’Affairs:TheSearchers 201 11 AHouseDivided:TheHorseSoldiers 215 12 TheNatureofOne’sService:SergeantRutledge 231 13 DeconstructingtheLegend:TheManWhoShotLiberty Valance 251 14 QuestionsofJustConduct:CheyenneAutumn 265 Aftermath 283 vii viii CONTENTS Notes 293 Index 329 AbouttheAuthor 339