PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 100(1), 1998, pp. 72-87 THE GENUS DILOCANTHA (HYMENOPTERA: EUCHARITIDAE) John M. Heraty Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A. (e-mail: john.heraty@ucredu). — Abstract. Five species of Dilocantha are described from South and Central America: D. albiconia, n. sp., D. bennetti, n. sp., D.flavicornis (Walker), D. lachaudii, n. sp., and D. serrata, n. sp. Dilocantha are unique within Eucharitidae for having extreme sexual dimorphism and a patch of specialized setae filling a deep depression of the scutellum at the scutoscutellar sulcus. The patch ofscutellar setae is associated with external secretions that may act as an ant appeasement structure similar to trichomes ofant-associated Staph- ylinidae. The first-instar of D. serrata is described. Key Words: Eucharitidae, taxonomy, Neotropical, Dilocantha All members of the Eucharitidae (Hy- much dimorphism. Males of Dilocantha menoptera: Chalcidoidea) are specialized have a much narrower and more highly parasitoids of ants (Clausen 1940ab. Heraty vaulted mesosoma than females, and the 1994). Adults deposit their eggs into or on postscutellar spines are more typical of the plant tissue, and the active first-instar larva genus Kapala (thin and cylindrical) than the is responsible for gaining access to the ant flattened and carapace-like spines of the fe- host, often by phoretic attachment to for- male. Within Eucharitidae, similar post- aging ants (Clausen 1940a, 1941). One spe- scutellar spines are known only for Dicoe- cies is newly recorded as a parasite of Ec- lothora.x Ashmead and Galearia Brulle, tatomma tuberculatum (Olivier) (Formici- both belonging to the same monophyletic dae: Ponerinae). Dilocantha are nested group but not considered as sister taxa by within a monophyletic group ofNew World current analyses of relationships (Heraty, Eucharitini (Eucharitinae) with Kapala unpublished). Cameron and Isomerala Ashmead, species All species of Dilocantha possess a of which are known to attack larger poner- unique patch of setae filling a deep lateral ine ants of the genera Pachycondyla. Ec- depression of the scutellum at the scuto- tatomma and Odontoniachus (Heraty 1994). scutellar sulcus (Figs. 1-4); the depressions Dilocantha was first recognized for the on each side are completely separated me- species Thoracantha flavicornis Walker by dially. The setae within the depression are Shipp (1894). Only the female of this one long and hooked or bent apically, resem- species from Brazil has been described, and bling the hooks found in velcro' fabric. its characteristic features do not readily ap- Each hair has minute longitudinal striations ply to females of the other species or to the along most of its length, no externally vis- distinctive sexually dimorphic males. The ible pores, and is gold-brown basally and sexes of Eucharitidae are readily separated white or clear apically. The base of each by features of the antennae and metasoma, hair is seated in a pronounced socket, which but usually the mesosoma does not exhibit are interspersed by minute pores in the cu- VOLUME NUMBER 100. 73 1 tide (Fig. 3). In museum specimens, the de- icably. In Orasema xanthopiis (Cameron) pression and hairs are often associated with (Oraseminae) parasitic on Solenopsis invic- a silvery exudate covering the cuticle with- ta Buren, immatures and newly emerged in the cavity and enveloping the base ofthe adults possess a cuticular hydrocarbon pro- hairs (Figs. 3, 4). The structure and asso- file similar to the host, allowing them to go ciated secretion are unique to Eucharitidae. undetected within the nest (Vander Meer et The shape of the hairs and distribution of al. 1989). Acquisition of the similar cutic- pores is similar to the trichomes of the sta- ular hydrocarbon profile was presumed to phylinid Xenodiisa reflexo (Walker) (Kist- be from social interactions and contact with ner 1979. his fig. 2b), which are used for the host brood. The protection is not per- appeasement and adoption by the host ants. manent, and a few days after emerging in In staphylinids, the pores are associated laboratory cultures the adults of Orasema with flask-like glandular cells and are char- are recognized and destroyed (personal ob- acteristic ofthe ant-associated Aleocharinae servations). Under some conditions it may (Jordan 1913, Kistner 1979). The secretory be advantageous for adult eucharitids to re- pores of Aleocharinae open into a cribri- main in the nest beyond a period considered form plate (Pasteels 1968, Kistner 1979), acceptable to the ant hosts. Various behav- which in Dilocantha are not apparent on ei- iors for remaining with hosts which can in- ther slide-mounts or SEMs of the cuticle. clude stiTJCtural or chemical defences have Dissections did not reveal glandular cells been documented in other myrmecophilous associated with the pores or setae; however insects. The morphology ofsome eucharitid all of the material dissected was preserved genera, such as Galearia (cf. Guerin-Mene- in alcohol and either critical-point-dried or ville 1845, fig. 8), which have a fusiform chemically dried with hexamethydisilazane, body shape and can withdraw the gaster un- which preserves muscles and nerve tissue der the carapace-like scutellar spines, ap- but possibly not glandular tissue. Minute pear as if they would be protected from the pores associated with the scutoscutellar sul- ants. The patch of hairs and exudate found cus occur in the closely related genus Ka- in Dilocantha could function as an appease- palo but without an associated depression, ment structure similar to the trichomes of setal patch or exudate. staphylinids, but no biological observations In all Eucharitinae, larvae develop on the exist to support this idea. host pupa and emerge from the host cocoon Terms and Methods within the ant nest; Oraseminae have sim- ilar habits but usually attack Myrmicinae, Important terms are indicated in Figs. 1 which lack a pupal cocoon (Heraty 1994). and 5, but generally follow Heraty (1985, Adults obviously must encounter the ant 1989, 1994). The first antennal flagellomere hosts before leaving the nest to mate and is labelled as F2 to reflect the loss of Fl deposit eggs. In the few cases observed, the (anellus) in Eucharitini. MPS refer to the interaction is usually favorable, with the multiporous plate sensillae. Mt refers to the ants fondling or feeding the adult wasp and metasomal tergites (Mtl = petiole); Ms re- often protecting them when the nest is dis- fers to the metasomal sternites. Material turbed (Wheeler 1907, Clausen 1941, Ayre was borrowed from the following: CNCI, 1962, Vander Meeret al. 1989, personal ob- Canadian National Collection, Ottawa (G. servations). In Kapalo, a genus closely re- Gibson); BMNH, Museum of Natural His- lated to Dilocantha. worker ants within nest tory, London (J. Noyes); FLA, Florida State colonies of Ectatomma have been observed Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville (R. carrying adults by their elongate postscu- Stange); HOND, Departmento de Protec- tellar spines (Lachaud and Perez-Lachaud, cion Vegetal, Tegucigalpa, Honduras (R. pers. comm.), again treating the adults am- Cave); IZW, Institut Zoologique, Academic 74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Polonaise des Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (E. rounded and bare; median ocellus in line Kierych); LACM, Los Angeles County with lateral ocelli and included within Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles scrobes, frons extending slightly above (B. Brown); MADR, Museo Nacional de ventral margin of lateral ocelli. Occiput Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain (J. Ni- vertical and weakly aciculate to smooth, eves-Aldrey); MCZ, Museum of Compara- dorsal margin with prominent carina. tive Zoology, Cambridge (D. Furth); UCD, Frons reticulate or granulate, usually with University of California, Davis (S. Hey- fine oblique carinae lateral to scrobes, low- don); UCLA, University of California, Los er face similarly sculptured; scrobal de- Angeles (H. Hespenheide); UCR, Univer- pression shallow and broadly impressed. sity ofCalifornia, Riverside (S. Triapitsyn); Clypeus with distinct anteclypeus, clypeal USNM, National Museum of Natural His- margin transverse or only slightly rounded; tory, Smithsonian Institution, Washington supraclypeal area present, lateral margins (E. Grissell). vague. Genal depression absent; hyposto- mal lobes broadly separated. Mandibles Dilocantha Shipp falcate. Labrum with six digits. Antenna of Dilocantha Shipp, 1894: 188. Type species: female with 10 segments (Figs. 7, 8, 11, Thoracantha jiavicornis Walker, by 16, 17), male with 12 segments (Figs. 9, monotypy and original designation. 24); anellus absent; funicle of female with Dilocantha; Ashmead. 1904: 268, 270, 471 7 segments, F2L:F2W less than 3 times as (in key). Schmeideknecht 1909: 68, 70, long as broad, funicular segments simple 11-1?, (key and description). or serrate; funicular segments ofmale each with an elongate dorsal ramus, rami pro- — Diagnosis. Recognized by having a gressively slightly shorter and alternating dense patch of long hook-tipped hairs fill- in origin on each side of midline. MPS of ing the scutoscutellar sulcus (Figs. 1-4, 5, female small and recessed into depres- 8-9, 14, 18, 19). The scutellar spines offe- sions, MPS of male minute and restricted males are usually broad and flat (Figs. 6, to outer lateral margin of ramus. 13, 19) but can be narrow and cylindrical Mesosoma: Pronotum abutting meso- (Fig. 14). In males the spines are always scutum, no overlap of sclerites. Mesosoma cylindrical and thin (Figs. 10, 15, 21). In robust and strongly vaulted above head both sexes the mesoscutum is vaulted (Figs. (Figs. 5, 8, 9, 24), height of mesoscutum 1, 4, 5, 8-9, 24) with strong transverse ca- 1.4-1.5 times height ofhead, anteriormar- rinae on the midlobe. Both sexes are pre- gin of mesoscutum reflected behind head; sented in the key to genera by Ashmead posterolaterally with large plate-like flange (1904) that includes New World genera(du- extending over tegula; dorsum pilose; no- plicated by Schmiedeknecht 1909). Males tauli deeply impressed and broadly sepa- do not key adequately as Ashmead appears rated posteriorly; posterodorsal margin of to have made the assumption that males midlobe bilobed in frontal view. In male, would have scutellar spines similar to the midlobe of mesoscutum with median ca- female (broad, contiguous and flat) rather rinae bordered laterally by a strong vertical than long and —slender (his couplet 32). carina extending dorsally 0.8 times the dis- Description. Length 3.2-4.8 mm. Gen- tance up the vertical face ofthe midlobe to eral body color black; female antenna yel- a strong transverse shelf dorsally, carinae lowish brown, male antenna darker; legs neverextending more than 0.2 times height beyond coxa light yellow; wings hyaline or of mesoscutum in female. Scutoscutellar infuscate, forewing venation brown, post- sulcus (SSS) transverse, strongly im- marginal vein transparent. pressed laterally (nearly to midline) and Head: In frontal view subquadrate, eyes filled with dense patch of long bent-tipped VOLUME NUMBER 100. 1 75 Figs. 1-4. 1-3. iJuiicanihci hciinetti. male. 1. Head and mesosoma, lateral view. 2. Mesosoma. sagittal section, longitudinal flight muscles removed. 3, Cross section of invagination ofscutoscutellar sulcus, left side of specimen midline. 4. D. senata, mesosoma of female, lateral view. Abbreviations: axa = axillula. Msc = mesoscutum. pss = postscutellar spine, SSS = scutoscutellar sulcus. Arrow points to exudate. hairs (Figs. 1-4, 5, 8, 9, 14, 18); lateral cylindrical (Fig. 14), spines longitudinally axillar lobe small; axillular sulcus present carinate, carinae much finer and sculpture as distinct channel. Frenal groove distinct more rugose medially, ventral surface of laterally but absent medially; posterior spines obliquely carinulate; scutellar margin of scutellum broadly rounded or spines of male cylindrical and broadly sep- flat anterior to frenal line, or elevated and arated basally (Figs. 10, 15, 21). Propo- abrupt posteriorly; frenum with pair of deum, petiole, coxae and most of mesepi- long spines reaching to or beyond apex of meron colliculate to very finely reticulate gaster and separated to base; scutellar or shagreened; propodeal disc flat and bor- spines of female broad and dorsoventrally dered by a strong carina (Fig. 23); meta- flattened (Figs. 6, 13, 19) or narrow and pleuron strongly areolate-rugose; callus — 76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON with dense, fine, white setae; spiracle with smooth; gonostylus fused. Posterior margin elongate and narrow emargination of ven- of Mt2 with one longitudinal line of weak- tral margin; metepinieral groove absent. ness. Femoral groove absent, mesepimeron flat Phylogenetic affinities. Dilocontha is a or only slightly impressed (Fig. 1); mese- distinctive member of the Eucharitini (Her- pimeron evenly sculptured, finely striate to aty 1994) in the kapaline clade, a New granulate, transepimeral sulcus absent; ac- World group recognized by the following ropleuron deeply grooved for reception of synapomorphic features: 1) presence of a upper corner of prepectus; mesepisternum distinct anteclypeus, 2) scutellar spines gen- with anteromedial margin overlapping pos- erally exceeding the metasoma and divided terior margin of prepectus; ventral margin almost to their bases, 3) lateral axillar lobe of mesepisternum wedge-shaped and ex- minute and hidden behind tegula, and 4) tending vertically anterior to the midcoxa propodeal spiracle emarginate. Its position (Fig. 1). Prepectus fused with pronotum within the kapaline clade as closely related and in the same plane; prepectus triangular, to the genera Liratella Girault, Isomerala apex of prepectus narrowly separated from Shipp, Galearia and Thoracantha is indicat- tegula; pronotal spine present; spiracle nar- ed by possession of 1) short F2 (basal fla- rowly enclosed dorsally. Coxae bare ex- gellomere less than 3 times as long as broad), cept for few minute ventral setae, meso- 2) absence of a metepimeral groove, and 3) coxa without lateral groove or carina; cal- labial palpus 1 or 2 segmented. The presence car bifid and slightly bent apically; hind of strongly impressed notaular grooves and a tibia with 1 spur, tibiae and tarsi with pilose callus, both plesiomorphic with respect sparse reclinate setae. Forewing of female to the above-mentioned genera, suggest that 2.6-2.9 times as long as broad (Fig. 25), Dilocantho is the potential sister group of costal cell with moderate covering of fine these taxa. The presence of a metepimeral ventral setae, disc with moderate covering sulcus in Kapola would place this genus as of fine, short setae, dorsal setae sparse and the sister group of the above taxa. Notably, minute, venation mostly distinct but post- none of the three other kapaline genera with marginal vein slightly longer than the stig- carapace-like scutellar spines (Dicoelothorax, mal vein; forewing of male 2.4-2.7 times Galearia and Thoracantha) are placed as the as long as broad (Fig. 9), costal cell with sister group of Dilocantha, and current anal- dense covering of long ventral setae, disc yses of generic relationships suggest at least with dense covering of long setae on both three independent origins of this feamre (un- surfaces; both sexes without marginal published). This would reinforce the notion fringe. Hind wing venation incomplete me- that D. lachaiidii. with cylindrical spines, is dially; short marginal fringe along poste- plesiomorphic to the other species. Other rior margin and disc with moderate cov- characteristics such as serrate flagellomeres ering of fine setae. and rounded scutellar apex are autapomorph- Metasoma: Petiole of female triangular ic in the other taxa and no characteristics ap- in cross section, flat dorsally and with dor- pear to indicate relationships among the re- solateral carina, 1.3-1.8 times as long as maining species in which females have a dis- hind coxa; petiole of male cylindrical, 5.4- tinct carapace. The extreme sexual dimor- 7.7 times as long as hind coxa; base ofpet- phism is unusual in Eucharitidae. but occurs iole truncate, with basal carina and not to a similar degree in Galearia. The patch of overlapping nucha; gastral terga smooth, setae in the scutoscutellar sulcus is unique and glabrous. Ms2 smooth, in males artic- within Euchariti—dae. ulating with apex of petiole. Hypopygium Distribution. Neotropical, ranging from with 6 long hairs on each side of midline. Central America to Ar—gentina. Valvulae acicular; apex of first valvula Biology and hosts. Unknown. . ) VOLUME NUMBER 100. 1 77 Key to Species of Dilocantha carcega, 23.vii.83, R. Anderson."' Deposit- ed in CNCI. Paratypes (4 9): MEXICO: W 1 Female (Figs. 5. 8). Antennal flagellumcylin- Campeche, 6 km Francisco Escarcega, drical or serrate 2 110 m. El Tomiento, Res. Sta.. 23.vii.83, - gMaatleer(aFmiig.(n9o)t. kAnntoewnnnailn tullabgieclolmuam)with elon- 6 M. Kaulbars (1, UCR). Veracruz, 36 km W 2. Scutellar spines narrow, cylindrical and Las Choapas, 9.ix.l975, R. Villegas (1, broadly separated medially (Fig. 14) UCD). GUATEMALA: Sacatepequez, Vol- lauchaudii, n. sp. can Agua, 1700m above Antigua Guate- - Scutellarspinesbroadand flattened,carapace- mala, 23.xi.1986, M. Sharkey, sweep (1, like andnarrowly separated medially (Figs. 6. CNC). HONDURAS: Atlantida Tela, Lan- 3. A13p.ex19o)fscutellum broadly rounded in profile .3 cetilla, 5.vii.—l990, R. Cave (1, HOND). (Fig. 12) ftaviconiis (Walker) Diagnosis. Female recognized by the - Ape,x of scutellum abrupt in profile with simple antennal flagellomeres, angulate strong marginal carina (Figs. 4. 5, 8. 18) . . . 4 apex of the scutellum, broad separation of 4. Basal flagellomeres serrate (Fig. 17) the postscutellar spines medially so that the serrala. n. sp. - Basal flagellomeres cylindrical (Figs. 7, I 1 basal separation is the narrower, flagellum 3 more than 0.86 times the height ofthe head, 5. Scutellar spines narrowly separated, basal and petiole 1.5-1.8 times as long as hind separation of spines wider than medial sepa- coxa. Males are unknown. — ration (as in Fig. 19); flagellum short, 0.83 Female. Length, 3.2-3.3 mm. Body times height of head; petiole stout, 3.4 times as long as broad and 1.3 times as longas hind black, apex of Mt2 and following tergites coxa heimetti. n. sp. brown. Wings weakly infuscate, forewing - Scutellar spines more broadly separated me- venation light brown to translucent. Head dially, basal separation narrower than medial 1.46—1.6 times as broad as high. Frons and separation (Fig. 6); flagellum length 0.86—-1.0 face very finely reticulate with few fine stri- times height of head; petiole longer, 3.5 1.0 times as long as broad and L.'i-l.S times as ae lateral to scrobes and across genae, near- long as hind coxa alhicoma. n. sp. ly smooth adjacent to eyes. Occipital carina 6. Scutellar spines very narrow and tapering to weak and extending just beyond lateral a fine blunt point apically (Figs. 9, 10) .... ocellus. Eyes separated by 2.32-2.5 times - Scutellar spines evenly cylindricalbentnoetlaip.exn. sp, their height. Malar space 1.05-1.19 times (Figs. 15, 21) 6 height of eye. Labrum with 6 elongate 7. Antennal rami short, ramus of F2 as long as digits, each terminated by a long spatulate height of head flavicomis (Walker) seta. Mouthparts relatively large, galea able - Antennal rami long, ramus of F2 1.28-1.3 to extend beyond clypeus by a distance times as long as height of head (Fig. 24) . . 8 about equal to height of clypeus; maxillary 8. Spines broadly separated basally. spines nar- row and diverging (Fig. 15); frons evenly re- palpus with 2 segments, apical segment ticulate without striae; apex of scutellum bi- short, only twice as long as broad; labial lobed in posterior view; wings hyaline .... palpus 2-segmented, apical segment short lachaudii. n. sp. and only slightly longer than broad. Anten- - Spines separated by less than twice the spine nal scape reaching 0.7 times distance to me- width basally (Fig. 21); frons reticulate with numerous irregular striae; apex of scutellum dian ocellus; length of flagellum 0.88-1.0 rounded in posterior view; wings weakly m- times height ofhead, F2 tapering, following fuscate serrata. n. sp. segments cylindrical (Fig. 7), F2 1.2 times as long as F3, apical flagellomere slightly Dilocantha alhicoma Heraty, longer than broad and rounded apically; new species MPS numerous on all flagellomeres and re- (Figs. 5-7) — cessed into deep broad depressions, surface Type material. Holotype, ?, "MEX of each flagellum strongly scalloped, sculp- [Mexico]: Campeche, 4 mi E Francisco Es- ture finer toward base of each flagellum. 78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON SSS scl '^^;XXniCIS3A, Figs. 5-10. 5-7. Dilociintlut albkoma. female. 5. Head and mescsoma, lateral view. 6, Scutellum and post- scutellarspines, dorsal view. 7. Antenna. 8-10. D. benneiii. 8. Female habitus. 9. Male habitus. 10. Postscutellar spines of male, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ax = axilla, axa = axillula, F2 = second flagellomere. flg = flagellum. ml = midlobe of mesoscutum. mil = lateral lobe of mesoscutum. Msc = mesoscutum. p = pedicel. pss = postscutellar spine, sc; eq scape, scl = scutellum, SSS = scutoscutellar sulcus. Mesoscutal height 1.25 times head height with fine, long setae (0.25 mm) that have (Fig. 5). Midlobe of mesoscutum with the extreme apices very thin and bent. Scu- dense covering of fine setae, sparser medi- tellum medially with shallow longitudinal ally and dense laterally; median area of impression, at SSS the median channel bor- midlobe with strong transverse carinae and dered by two distinct raised knobs; SSS im- median weak longitudinal carina, the strong pression filled with erect, golden to whitish mm carina bordering the anterior declivous face apically, bent-tipped setae (0.15 in of the midlobe continuing dorsally only to length), longer white setae covering most level of second transverse carina; lateral of axilla except narrow anterior band, setae lobes of mesoscutum smooth and covered finer dorsally and more bent than hooked. VOLUME NUMBER 100. 1 79 scutellum excluding axillula with finer and bor summit, 5-21.vi.1993, 550m, malaise, shorter white setae; axillula bare and rainforest, S.&J. Peck (9, CNCI). TOBA- smooth; posterior margin of scutellar disc GO: 1 mi ESE Adelphi, 20-2l.vii.1977, R carinate and abruptly angled in profile, pos- Feinsinger, Malaise trap in small stream in terior declivous face of scutellum angled second. Fores—t (1, FLA). about 80-90° to dorsum, posterior face ir- Diagnosis. Female recognized by the regular and shagreened; scutellar spines rel- simple antennal flagellomeres, angulate atively narrow, dorsoventrally flattened and apex of the scutellum, narrow separation of broadly separated medially (Fig. 6), spines the postscutellar spines along the entire not strongly bent apically. Femora smooth length so that the basal separation is the and with sparse semi-erect setae. Upper widest, flagellum 0.83 times the height of prepectus smooth and densely setose, apex the head, and petiole 1.3 times as long as separated from tegula, anterior margin of hind coxa. Males have evenly cylindrical prepectus carinate. Marginal vein of fore- spines that are longitudinally carinate along wing with few minute setae apically, but their length and weakly emarginate at the otherwise bare. Marginal fringe of hind tip, and the antennal ramus of F2 is 1.3 wing short. Petiole 3.9-4.0 times as long as times as lo—ng as height of head. broad,1.—6-1.8 times as long as hind coxa. Female. Length, 3.5 mm. Body black, Male. Unk—nown. apex ofMt2 and following tergites ofgaster Etymology. Latin albicomiis for white- brown. Wings hyaline, forewing venation haired, referring to the predominance of light brown. Head 1.45-1.5 times as broad whitish setae on the mesosoma. as high. Frons and face very finely reticu- late with few fine striae lateral to scrobes Dilocantha bennetti Heraty, new species and across genae. Occipital carina pro- (Fig—s. 1-3, 8, 9) nounced and extending just beyond lateral Type material. Holotype, 9 "Trinidad: ocellus. Eyes separated by 2.3-2.6 times , Cumuto Arepo". Deposited in MCZ. Para- their height. Malar space 1.17-1.24 times types (50 S): TRINIDAD: Curepe, 9.vi.l978 height of eye. Labrum with 6 elongate (l)26.vi.l978(l), 5.vii.l978(3), 7.vii.l978 digits, each terminated by a long spatulate (1), ll.vu.1978 (1), 10.vU.78 (4), ll.vii.l978 seta. Mouthparts relatively large, galea able (I), 21.vii.l978 (1), 31.vii.l978 (1), to extend beyond clypeus by a distance 17.xi.l978 (1), 17.xii.l978 (5), malaise trap about equal to height of clypeus; maxillary (all CNCI); Curepe, 23.1.1978, FD. Ben- palpus with 2 segments, apical seginent 5 nett, Malaise trap (1, UCR); Curepe, CIBC times as long as broad; single labial palpus lab. Grounds, 13.vii-31.viii.l974, M.N. Beg short, 3 times as long as broad. Antenna (1, CNCI); Curepe, Santa-Margarita Circu- with 10 segments; scape reaching 0.7 times lar Road, 24-27.xi.l977, W. Mason (1, distance to median ocellus; length of fla- CNCI); St. Augustine, 15.vii-15.viii.l976, gellum 0.84 times height of head, F2 sub- J.S. Noyes (1, BMNH); D'Abadie, conical, and the following seginents cylin- 15.X.1918, A-761, H. Morrison (1, USNM); drical (Fig. 8), F2 as long as F3, apical fla- Simla Field Sta., Arima Valley [northern gellomere slightly longer than broad and range], 8-9.iii.1977, P. Feinsinger, Malaise subovate; MPS numerous on all trap, rain forest (1, FLA); 13 km N of Ar- flagellomeres and recessed into shallow de- ima, Andrews Trace, 7-24.vi.l993, 620m, pressions. Mesoscutum height 1.2 times malaise, upper montane rainforest, S. Peck, head height (Fig. 8). Midlobe of mesoscu- 93-13 (2. CNCI); 13 km S of Arima, Tal- tum with dense covering of fine seta, spars- paro, Quesnell Farm, 12-22.vi.l993, 50m, er and shorter on anterior vertical face; me- malaise, rainforest, S.&J. Peck, 93-27 (12, dian area of midlobe with strong transverse UCR); Tunapuna Mt., St. Benedict, Mt. Tal- carinae and median weak longitudinal im- 80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON pression, carinae bordered laterally by a height of eye. Labial palpus with one seg- short vertical carina that extends dorsally ment. Antennal scape reaching 0.7 times 0.15 times the distance up the vertical face distance to median ocellus; F2 as long as orthe niidlobe and ventrolaterally continues broad basally, ramus of F2 1.05-1.32 times as a border of the anterior declivous face of as long as head height (Fig. 9), terminal the midlobe; lateral lobes of mesoscutum segment (clavus) undifferentiated and as smooth and covered with fine, long setae long as ramus of penultimate flagellomere. (0.18 mm) that have the extreme apices MPS absent; setae along rami long, about bent. Scutellum medially with shallow lon- equal to width of ramus. Posterior margin gitudinal impression, deeply impressed at of scutellar disc abruptly angled in profile SSS and forming a distinct pit, at SSS the (Figs. 1, 9), apex emarginate and projection median channel bordered by slightly raised bifid in posterior view; scutellar spine knobs; SSS depression filled with erect, abruptly narrowed to a very thin elongate mm golden, bent-tipped setae (0.12 in process, broadly separated along entire length), longer, white setae covering most length, basally with strong oblique carinae, of axilla except for narrow anterior band, apically with few fine longitudinal carinae setae finer dorsally and more bent, scutel- (Fig. 10), spines broadly curved in profile, lum excluding axillula with finer and short- apex ofspine rounded. Forewing with spec- er white setae; axillula weakly longitudi- ulum closed basally. Petiole 1.9-2.4 times nally carinulate and bare; posterior margin as long as broad, 5.7-7.5 times as long as of scutellar disc carinate and abruptly an- hind coxa. Dorsal length of gaster slightly gled in profile, posterior declivous face of shoner than petiole, Ms8 broadly rounded scutellum angled about 90° to dorsum, pos- and pilose. Genitalia; parameres with 4 long terior face vertically carinate and finely re- setae, digitus rounded with 5-6 marginal ticulate, scutelUu' spines broad, dorsoven- spines; tip of—aedeagus acute. trally flattened and narrowly separated me- Comments. A inorphologically similar dially (as in Fig. 19), gently arched in lat- female collected in Argentina (Tucuman, eral profile; ventral surface of spines San Javier, 1100m, FLA) appears to be a obliquely carinulate; declivous face of scu- different species based on having the scu- tellum ventral to spines finely reticulate tellum distinctly bilobed and the spines with a strong median carina. Femora more evenly spaced basally and broadly smooth and with sparse adpressed setae. spaced apically. This female lacks a com- Upper prepectus smooth apically, granulate plete antennal flagellum and was not de- anteriorly and moderately setose, apex nar- scribed. — rowly separated from tegula, anterior mar- Etymology. Named on honor of Dr. gin of prepectus carinate. Marginal vein of Fred Bennett, former director of the Com- forewing with few minute setae apically, monwealth Institute of Biological Control but otherwise bare. Hind wing with short and collector of many of the specimens. marginal fringe. Petiole 3.4-3.6 times as long as broad,1.3-1.5 times as long as hind Dilocanthaflaviconiis (Walker) (Figs. 11-13) coxa. — Male. Length, 3.0-4.7 mm. Differs Thoracantluiflaviconiis Walker, 1862: 382. from female in the following features: an- Type data: Brazil: Villa Nova. Type fe- tenna brown, apical half of scape dark male, BMNH, type no. 5.630 (examined). brown. Forewing weakly infuscate. Head Described: female. 1.46-1.66 times as broad as high. Facial re- Schizaspidia flaviconiis: Walker, 1871: 66. ticulations shallow, frons with few irregular Change of combination. carinae. Eyes separated by 2.11—2.44 times Thoracantha flaviconiis; Westwood, 1874: their height. Malar space 1.0-1.11 times 153. Illust. Subsequent description. VOLUME NUMBER 100. I 81 <EErEEiix=cc:^ -: Figs. 11-16. l\-li. Dilocanlluiflavicomis. female. 11, Antenna. 12-13. Scutellum and postscutellarspines (pss). 12, Lateral view. 13. Dorsal view. 14-16, D. lachaudii. 14. Scutellum of female. 15. Scutellar spines of male. 16, Antenna of female. Dilocantha flavicomis; Shipp, 1894: 188. the mesoscutal lateral lobe and the facial Change of combination. sculpture is very fine and shallow. Other- Type material.—Lectotype, ? (here des- wise it is difficult to make a direct associ- ation between the different sexes, especially ignated), "Type; Villa No—va; Kapala flavi- on the basis of specimens from such widely comis Walker; B.M. Type 5.630". Depos- BMNH divergent localities in eastern Brazil. How- ited in —(examined). Diagnosis. Female recognized by the ever, D. bennetti is the only other South simple antennal flagellomeres and rounded American species known, and both sexes apex of the scutellum. Males have evenly are distinct from D. flavicomis. cylindrical spines that are longitudinally Fem—ale [measurements do not include the carinate along their length and strongly type]. Length, 3.7 mm. Body black, apical emarginate at the tip, the antennal ramus of tergites of gaster brown. Wings infuscate, F2 is 1.05 times as long as the height ofthe forewing venation light brown. Head 1.55 head, and the frons has numerous fine ir- times as broad as high. Frons and face very regular carinae lateral to the scrobes. Unlike finely reticulate and without any striae lat- D. flavicomis. the male and female of D. eral to scrobes or on genae. Occipital carina bemietti both have very long fine setae on weak and extending just beyond lateral