ASHGATE RESEARCH COMPANION The AshgATe ReseARch comp Anion To The glob AlizATion of he AlTh ASHGATE RESEARCH COMPANION The Ashgate Research Companions are designed to offer scholars and graduate students a comprehensive and authoritative state-of-the-art review of current research in a particular area. The companions’ editors bring together a team of respected and experienced experts to write chapters on the key issues in their speciality, providing a comprehensive reference to the field. The Ashgate Research Companion to the Globalization of Health Edited by Ted schRecke R Bruyère Research Institute and University of Ottawa, Canada © Ted Schrecker, and the contributors 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Ted Schrecker has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editor of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company Wey Court East Suite 420 Union Road 101 Cherry Street Farnham Burlington, Surrey GU9 7PT VT 05401-4405 England USA www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data The Ashgate research companion to the globalization of health. 1. World health. 2. Public health--International cooperation. 3. Globalization--Health aspects. I. Globalization of health II. Schrecker, Ted. 362.1-dc23 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schrecker, Ted. The Ashgate research companion to the globalization of health / by Ted Schrecker. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4094-0924-3 (hardback) -- ISBN 978-1-4094-0925-0 (ebook) 1. World health. 2. Epidemics--History. I. Title. II. Title: Research companion to the globalization of health. RA441.S37 2012 614.4’9--dc23 2012014350 ISBN 9781409409243 (hbk) ISBN 9781409409250 (ebk – PDF) ISBN 9781409484301 (ePUB – PDF) I Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Group, UK Contents List of Figures and Tables   vii List of Abbreviations   ix Notes on Contributors   xv Editor’s Introduction: Globalizing Health Politics in the New Century   1 Ted Schrecker 1 The Value of Historical Perspective 17 Monica H. Green 2 From Plagues to Peoples: Health on the Modern Global/International Agenda 39 Anne-Emanuelle Birn 3 The Politics of Non-Communicable Disease Policy 61 Sara M. Glasgow 4 Anthropology and Global Health 79 Vinh-Kim Nguyen 5 Global Environmental Change and Human Health 97 Charmian M. Bennett and Anthony J. McMichael 6 Reaching behind Borders: International Trade and Chronic Disease 117 K.S. Mohindra, Raphael Lencucha and Ronald Labonté 7 Plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose: An Overview of Obstacles and Opportunities to Improve Access to Medicines 135 Natalia Ovtcharenko, Sarah Bonazza and Jillian Clare Kohler 8 Global Health and the Human Security Agenda 151 Colleen O’Manique 9 Biopolitics at the Crossroads of Sexuality and Disaster: The Case of Haiti 169 Rosalind P. Petchesky The Ashgate Research Companion to the Globalization of Health 10 Metropolitan Health in a Globalizing World 191 Ted Schrecker, Françoise Barten and K.S. Mohindra 11 Global Health Governance and the Intersection of Health and Foreign Policy 205 Wolfgang Hein and Ilona Kickbusch 12 Advocates for Global Health Aid Must Call for a New Development Model 229 Rick Rowden 13 Taking Social Determinants of Health Seriously 245 Ruth Bell, Sharon Friel and Michael Marmot 14 The Contributions of a Human Rights Approach to Health 261 Audrey R. Chapman Coda: The World after Lehman Brothers, New York and Rio   277 Ted Schrecker Bibliography   281 Index   351 vi List of Figures and Tables Figures 1.1 Proportions of total deaths from major cause-of-death categories, 1909 and 1999, in Chile   23 5.1 A schematic representation of the diverse and often interconnecting pathways through which global environmental changes can affect human health and well-being   99 5.2 The diagram illustrates, first, the conventional epidemiological approach to an environmental threat to health – see the causal pathway leading from a specific chemical exposure (farm chemicals) to a specific disease outcome (cancer). However, agricultural practices have many other impacts on the wider environment, and some of them, when aggregated across populations (for example, greenhouse gas emissions), affect global environmental systems. These global environmental changes, in turn, affect health, including via impacts on food yields   101 5.3 Comparison of cumulative carbon dioxide emissions (by country) for 1950–2000, as compared to the regional distribution of (aggregated) mortality, in 2000, attributable to four climate-sensitive health effects (malaria, malnutrition, diarrhoeal disease and flood-related fatalities) 113 11.1 Arguments for health in foreign policy   212 11.2 Development assistance for health from 1990 to 2011 by channel of assistance   214 11.3 International agreements in traditional IR theory   217 11.4 Global politics in a post-Westphalian system   218 11.5 The continuum of the relationship between health and foreign policy 222 13.1 Under-5 mortality rate per 1,000 live births by level of household wealth 250 13.2 Life expectancy at age 25 by years of education, men and women, United States   251 Table 1.1 Eight paradigmatic infectious diseases   21 This page has been left blank intentionally List of Abbreviations 3TC+d4T+NVP Lamivudine, stavudine and nevirapine 4-H Club (Male) homosexuals, Haitians, hemophiliacs and heroin addicts (injecting drug users) 5th H Heterosexual women aDNA Ancient DNA AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome APIs Active pharmaceutical ingredients ARENA Nationalist Republican Alliance [El Salvador] ARVs Antiretrovirals BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BCG Bacille Calmette-Guérin BCE Before the Common Era BMGF Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation BRIC Brazil, Russia, India and China CAMR Canada’s Access to Medicines Regime CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corporation CAFTA Central American Free Trade Agreement CARICOM Caribbean Community CARMEN Set of Actions for the Multifactoral Reduction of Non- Communicable Diseases CDC Centers for Disease Control CFC Chlorofluorocarbons CGD Center for Global Development CIA Central Intelligence Agency CEDAW Committee to Eliminate All Forms of Discrimination Against Women CESCR Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights CHD Coronary heart disease CMH Commission on Macroeconomics and Health CO Carbon dioxide 2 COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa CRC Committee on the Rights of the Child CSDH Commission on the Social Determinants of Health CSO Civil society organizations