BENNETlT( OVRIG OFWAIJ�S AND BRIDGES TheU nitSetda t&e s EastEeurrnop e AT WENTIECTEHN TUFRUYN DB OOK OfW alalnsBd ri dges ... OFW ALLASN D BRIDGES The UnitSetda taensd Eastern Europe Bennett Kovrig A TwentiCeetnht uFruyn Bdo ok n NEWY ORKU NIVERSPIRTEYS S NewY orakn dL ondon Copyr©i 1g9h9tb1yt hTew entCieentthFu urnyId n,c . Alrli ghts reserved Manufacitntu hrUeen di tSetdao tfAe mse rica LibroafCr oyn grCeastsa loging-iDna-tPau blication KovrBiegn,n ett. Ofw alalnsbd r id:tg ehUsen itSetdaa tneEdsa stEeurrnoI p e BennKeotvtr ig. p.c m. "AT wentCieentthFu urnybd o ok." Inclbuidbelsi ogrreafpehriaecnnaidcln e dse x. ISB0N- 8147-(4a6c1i2d-p-8af preere) -ISBN 0-8147-(4p6b1:k3a .-c6i d-pfarpeeer ) 1.E uroEpaes,t ern-rFeolraetiigonn Sst-aUtn2ei.stU .en di ted States-Froerleaitgino nsE-aEsutre3or.pUn en.,i tSetda tes­ Forerieglna tions.- I1.9T 4i5t-le. DJK45.U51K96991 327.73047--dc20 91-2181 CIP NewY orUkn ivePrrseibstosyo akrspe r inotnae cdi d-pfarpeeer antdh ebiirn dmiantge raircaehl oss feosnrt reanngddtu hr ability. Boodkegn s iKbye Vne nezio FoMri chaAerli,aa nnaAd,l exander 'Ie TwentCieentthFu urnyid sa r esefaorucnhd uantdieornt aking timaenlayl oyfes ceosn opmoilci,at nisdco aclii,sa slNu oets-.f or-profit anndo npartthiFesu anwnda, fs o unidn1e 9d1 a9n edn dowbeyEd d ­ warAd.F ilene. BOARODF T RUSTEOEFTS H ET WENTIECTEHN TURFYU ND MorrBi.As b raEmm,e ritusG eorgesM-aHretEnimrnei,r itus H.B ranAdyte rs LawreKn.Mc iel lEemre,r itus PetAe.Ar .B erle P.M ichPaietlfi eld JosAe.C abranes DonK .P riEcmee,r itus JoseAp.Ch a lifJarn.o , RichRaarvdi tch AlexaMnodregrCa anp ron ArthMu.Sr c hlesJirEn.mg,ee rri,t us EdwaEr.Dd a viJdr,. HarvIeS.yl oane, M.D. BrewCs.tD eern nCyh,a irmaTnh eodCo.Sr oer ensen CharVl.He asm ilton JamTeosb iEnm,e ritus AuguHsetc ksEcmheerri,t uDsa vBi.Td r umEamne,r itus MatiSn.Ha o rner ShirWlielyl iams JamAe.sL each RichCa.Lr edo nDei,r ector vi Foreword In thyee asrisnW coer lWda rI IA,m eripcoal'istc oiweatsrh ndea tions ofE astEeurrno wpeer oev erwhelimniflnugelbnyycg eldo bcaolm peti­ tiobne twteheUenn itSetda atnetdsh UeS SRI.ti s t empttiosn agty h at thaep pareenndtio nftg h astt rumgagyrl ees iunal nte vemno rlei mited Amerircoalinent hapta rotft hweo rlTdh.iw so rbky,B ennKeotvtr ig ofT rinCiotlyl ienTg oer onstiog,n ifiecnarnitocluhyure n sd erstanding oft hceo mpleaxnindtu ya nocfpe a sUt. Sp.o laincodyf t hset aakneds possibfioflrui ttAuimreeesr ircealna twiiottnhhrs ee gion. Hegeals'sse rtthiamoten na ndn atiloenasnr ont hfirnoghm i story mayb er igahltt,h onuofgtoh lr a cokfe difmyaitnegrS iuarlte.hls eyt ory oft hpea sfto rtyy-efiaovrfeUs . Sp.o ltiocwya Erads tEeurrno opfef ers lesstoocn usr rAemnetr ilceaand Tehresri.es m uctho b es aifdo,r exampfloepr,a tieanncdce o nsisutnednecryg,rl oiubnedro apteiroan­ tionnost withstanding. Theo bjecotfpi ovleissc hyo ublerd e aliasvtoiicdp,ir nogm itsheast simpclayn nboekt e pItna. d ditwiemo uns,kt e eipnm intdh astu cciess s oftteenr reixbpleyn Tshivevi ec.to ovrecyro mmuniinEs ams tEeurrno pe requbiirleldoi fWo ensst deorlnl aanradss t eadAfmaesrtiw cialRnle .a l­ izitnhgfe u flrlu oiftt hsaa tc hievaenmsdee ntttt ihsnetg a fgoear l ong pealciek emwaiybs eec ostly. vii Foreword viii Kovrbiogo'ckso unlodbt em ortei meIlmtya .yk eempa noyfu sf rom clostihndego oorno utrh inakbiontught ce o lwda irn E astEeurrno pe befowreef ululnyd erswthaanhtda ppednuerdi tnhgo dseec aodfe s tenshioopnae,n, d fi,n altlryi,u mMpohr.e oKvoevrr,si tgu'dswy h,i ch wasc ompldeutreiadnt gi moefr apcihda ncgoen,t itnhuTeew se ntieth CentFuurnyd t'rsa diotfsi uopnp orrteisnetgah raictnh fl ueAnmceersi ­ cafno repioglni cy. RICHARCD.L EONED,i rector ThTew entCieentthFu urnyd