Even if you studied biotechnology in school, if you haven't stayed current, it's not likely you'll be able to speak the same language as today's biotech scientists. The same is even truer for nanotechnology where everything gets smaller and smaller, except the terminology required to navigate it.In the Glossary of Biotechnology and Nanobiotechnology Terms, Fourth Edition, Kimball Nill continues to improve upon the reference that for over a decade has helped thousands of professionals, including scientists, attorneys, government workers, lobbyists, venture capitalists, and university tech transfer staff, to communicate successfully with those working on the cutting edge of modern science. Now in its fourth edition, Nill has taken the much appreciated step of adding nanotechnology to his glossary.  Just by casually perusing the Glossary of Biotechnology and Nanobiotechnology Terms, Fourth Edition you will learn a number of enlightening facts. Even those in related sciences will be surprised to discover what the language unveils. The Glossary of Biotechnology and Nanobiotechnology Terms, Fourth Edition is a handy reference designed for people with little or no training in the biological and chemical sciences, as well as scientists communicating from other disciplines. Unlike other glossaries, this one is both informative and completely accessible. Instead of looking up one term to end up mired in equally difficult terminology, this intelligently designed volume follows what the author refers to as a Reference Chain that steadily leads you to simpler more common terminology, down to a level that anyone with a high school education will be able to understand. The definitions are written utilizing words that enable you to conceptualize the idea embodied in the term, with explanations based on analogy whenever possible. Consider this example:Suppose you just received a funding request, a faculty memo, or patent concern that refers to A-DNA, which happens to be the first definition in the Glossary. A-DNAA particular right-handed helical formof DNA (possessing 11 base pairs per turn),which is the form that DNA molecules existin when they are partially dehydrated. A-formDNA is found in fibers at 75% relative humidityand requires the presence of sodium, potassium,or cesium as the counterion. Instead oflying flat, the bases are tilted with respect tothe helical axis, and there are more base pairsper turn. The A-form is biologically interestingbecause it is probably very close to theconformation adopted by DNA-RNA hybridsor by RNA-RNA double-stranded regions.The reason is that the presence of the 2'2 hydroxyl group prevents RNA from lying inthe B-form.See also B-DNA, DNA-RNA HYBRID,DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA),BASE PAIR (bp)But then after looking at the above definition, you wonder what exactly is a DNA-RNA Hybrid?DNA-RNA Hybrid A double helix that consistsof one chain of DNA hydrogen-bondedto a chain of RNA by means of complementarybase pairs.See also HYBRIDIZATION (MOLECULARGENETICS), HYBRIDIZATION (PLANTGENETICS), DOUBLE HELIX…however while you've often heard mention of a double helix, you were never quite sure what that meant….Double Helix The natural coiled conformationof two complementary, antiparallel DNAchains. This structure was first put forward byWatson and Crick in 1953.See also DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)And that might brings you to ask, Do you really actually know what DNA is?Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)Discoveredby Frederick Miescher in 1869, it is the chemicalbasis for genes. The chemical buildingblocks (molecules) of which genes (i.e.,paired nucleotide units that code for a proteinto be produced by a cell's machinery, such asits ribosomes) are constructed. Every inheritedcharacteristic has its origin somewhere inthe code of the organism's complement ofDNA. The code is made up of subunits callednucleic acids. The sequence of the fournucleic acids is interpreted by certain molecularsystems in order to produce the proteinsrequired by an organism. The structure of theDNA molecule was elucidated in 1953….The Glossary of Biotechnology and Nanobiotechnology Terms, Fourth Edition is packed with over 400 pages of exceptionally well-organized and cross-referenced terminology, making it an essential reference for anyone working directly or indirectly with those pioneering the frontiers of modern biology.

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