Intelligent Systems Reference Library 193 Valentina E. Balas Vijender Kumar Solanki Raghvendra Kumar   Editors Further Advances in Internet of Things in Biomedical and Cyber Physical Systems Intelligent Systems Reference Library Volume 193 Series Editors Janusz Kacprzyk, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Lakhmi C. Jain, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Centre for Artificial Intelligence, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; KES International, Shoreham-by-Sea, UK; Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK The aim of this series is to publish a Reference Library, including novel advances and developments in all aspects of Intelligent Systems in an easily accessible and well structured form. The series includes reference works, handbooks, compendia, textbooks,well-structuredmonographs,dictionaries,andencyclopedias.Itcontains well integrated knowledge and current information in the field of Intelligent Systems. The series covers the theory, applications, and design methods of IntelligentSystems.Virtuallyalldisciplinessuchasengineering,computerscience, avionics, business, e-commerce, environment, healthcare, physics and life science are included. The list of topics spans all the areas of modern intelligent systems such as: Ambient intelligence, Computational intelligence, Social intelligence, Computational neuroscience, Artificial life, Virtual society, Cognitive systems, DNA and immunity-based systems, e-Learning and teaching, Human-centred computing and Machine ethics, Intelligent control, Intelligent data analysis, Knowledge-based paradigms, Knowledge management, Intelligent agents, Intelligent decision making,Intelligent network security, Interactiveentertainment, Learningparadigms,Recommendersystems,RoboticsandMechatronicsincluding human-machine teaming, Self-organizing and adaptive systems, Soft computing including Neural systems, Fuzzy systems, Evolutionary computing and the Fusion of these paradigms, Perception and Vision, Web intelligence and Multimedia. Indexed by SCOPUS, DBLP, zbMATH, SCImago. AllbookspublishedintheseriesaresubmittedforconsiderationinWebofScience. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8578 Valentina E. Balas Vijender Kumar Solanki (cid:129) (cid:129) Raghvendra Kumar Editors Further Advances in Internet of Things in Biomedical and Cyber Physical Systems 123 Editors Valentina E.Balas Vijender KumarSolanki Department ofAutomatics Department ofComputer Science andAppliedSoftware andEngineering AurelVlaicu University of Arad CMRInstituteofTechnology(Autonomous) Arad,Romania Hyderabad, Telangana,India Raghvendra Kumar Department ofComputer Science andEngineering GIETUniversity Gunupur,Odisha, India ISSN 1868-4394 ISSN 1868-4408 (electronic) Intelligent Systems Reference Library ISBN978-3-030-57834-3 ISBN978-3-030-57835-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57835-0 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2021 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregard tojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface ThemainobjectiveofthisbookpublicationistoexploretheconceptsofInternetof Things, biomedical and cyber physical systems along with the recent research and development. Italso includes variousreal-time applicationsandcase studies inthe field of engineering and technologies used. As populations grow and resources becomescarcer,theefficientusageoftheselimitedgoodsbecomesmoreimportant. The content of the book is divided into four different sections. Section I: Distributed Sensor Networks Chapter 1 discussed cluster formed by this low-energy node will terminate pre- maturelyandwasteentirenetworkresource.ILEACHismeasuredoneofthefinest ofthem.Toimproveservice life,sensornodeswith highresidual energyandshort distance from the base station (BS) are chosen as cluster head (CH) nodes. Then intelligently manage these nodes to create clusters to maximize the lifetime of the WSN andminimize theaverageenergy consumption.TheTDMA protocol isused forintra-clustercommunication.Inthisarticle,weproposeareformoftheILEACH protocol by acquaint with cluster communication, in which the cluster heads are organizedinahierarchicalstructure,additionaloptimizingthelifeoftheWSN.The simulation outcomes illustrate that the improved algorithm in this respect outper- forms the LEACH protocol. Chapter 2 proposed framework consolidates wearable sensors to quantify physiological and natural parameters. A passage is acquainted with giving infor- mationpreparing,aneighborhoodwebserver,andacloudassociation.Awearable sensor on a laborer and natural sensor on a wanderer that can transmit the infor- mation to the client by means of a door for example server, gives offer notice and cautioning component for the clients. Live health examination taken for laborers whoworkinanundergroundliketunnels,shafts,etc.,ithasanIndividualdatabase of laborers and contrasts it, and current essential tangible qualities separate to workplace information. Live update will screen from the control room, and it can v vi Preface direct the specialist if any medical problem occurs and furthermore can maintain a strategic distance from the undesirable passing. Chapter 3 discussed cloud computing has the implementation of traditional IT for high implementation time. The security is the main problem of the big data analytics for implementing governance and risk management. The factors for affecting the cloud computing have identified for the hybrid cloud computing. Chapter 4 focuses on DoS attacks in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). The presence of malicious users is threat for enhancing the effective spectrum utiliza- tion,andthisthreatmaybeanactiveorpassive.Inanactiveattack,malicioususer will deliberately upset the primary user framework. A passive attack relates to the circumstanceinwhichamaliciousattackendeavorstotranslatesourcedatawithout infusing any data or attempting to alter the data, i.e., it will tune in to the trans- mission without cooperating with other users. The network consists of two users such as primary users and secondary users where the main impact occurs on pri- mary users. The network performance parameters such as packet delivery ratio, packet loss ratio, bandwidth usage and end to end delay are analyzed in CRN to detect DoS attacks. Chapter 5 indicated that the alternating deposition direction strategy allows achieving thin walls with more regular height. The roughness of the side surface of the thin walls is about 0.23 mm. The microstructure of ER70S6 thin walls changesfromregionbyregion:Theupperregionconsistsoflamellarstructures;the middle region features granular structures; and the lower region shows mixed lamellarandequiaxed structures.The hardnessalso variesaccordingtothese three regions. The upper region shows the highest average value of hardness ((cid:1)191 HV), followed by the lower region ((cid:1)178 HV) and the middle region ((cid:1)163 HV). Finally, the ER70S6 walls built by WAAM exhibit the anisotropy in terms of tensile strengths in the horizontal and vertical directions. Chapter 6 analyzed the factors that impact the precisional control process of the DC motor such as disturbance, the temperature effect on coil resistance and the temperature effects on magnetic fluxes. From that, we suggest a method of the actuatorfaultestimationtoapply fortheprocessofeliminatingfaultwhichwillbe performed in the future. First, a nonlinear mathematical model of the DC motor under the action of temperature is constructed to control the system. Second, building the inequalities based on the reconstruction of unknown input observer (UIO) with considering disturbance is constructed to estimate the actuator faults based on Lyapunov’s stability condition and a linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization algorithm in order to obtain the control signal error asymp- totically stable. Finally, the numerical simulation process is done to show the obtained result of the proposed method. Chapter 7 analyzed the problems occurred for maintaining big data processing and maintaining it. Hadoop Distribution File System is developed to produce the solutionsforthebigdatachallengeswiththeconceptofacquire,organize,analyze and decide using analytic application. Preface vii Section II: Intelligent System Design and Applications Chapter8discussesanobjectiveofthisapplicationtomakeitinteractiveandmake facilities to the user for solving daily problems. Citizens can use this system to search for information and send necessary documents within the electronic gov- ernment for the Ministry of Commerce in client side for solving their problems. Also, it is used to complete their information in the database system by using full nameandration cardnumberoffamilytoenterthesystem.Citizen canfollowthis case and can find the result for this request from the system. Chapter 9 proposed a new approach by combining automatic syntactic features with pre-trained word embedding in deep learning method—Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) for Vietnamese Named Entity Recognition. The proposedsystemhasachievedgoodresultsfortheVietnameseNERproblemonthe VLSP 2016 dataset. Chapter10proposedanewdesignofconvolutionalneuralnetworks(CNNs)and principal component analysis (PCA). The proposed system is estimated using five datasets, (Mhearth), (Sensors-Activity-Recognition-Dataset-SHOAIB), (REALDISP), (REALWORLD) and (Activity Recognition Dataset), where the accuracy equals 99.8%, 99.44%, 99.85%, 96.90%, 98.68%, Sequentially. Chapter11discussedtheoverallanddetaileddesignsoftherobotarepresented. Also, some main research results relevant to the implementation and pilot appli- cations of the robot are shown. It was demonstrated that the robot prototype was effectively implemented and tested with the use of TIG/MIG/MAG welding methods. The use of the robot in a welding cell reduces the production cost, improves the product quality and optimizes the manpower used in the welding process. Chapter 12 proposed a modified reversible parallel and serial adder/subtraction circuit using dual key gate (DKG) and SG. The performance of parallel adder/subtractorcircuitdesignusingdualkeygateandserialadder/subtractorusing dualkeygatewithSGissimulatedandsynthesizedusingXilinx.Theperformance ofthiscircuitiscomparedwithexistingdesignusingFeynmangateandtoffoligate based on complexity, low power and garbage input/outputs. Chapter 13 designed by adopting the elbow inlet for generating the swirl flow. The temperature difference of steel pipes for the original furnace was 55.4°C. However,thetemperaturedifferenceofabundleofsteelpipesforthenewmodelby using downward inlet angle of 30 degrees was 13°C. Moreover, temperature dif- ferencebymodifiedmodelhadmoreuniformthanthoseofbyPrieleretal.of50°C. Effect of Reynolds number, the horizontal and the vertical steel spacing on the temperature difference among the steel pipes were also examined. The transient simulations were performed to investigate steel pipe temperature during annealing process. In short, the results revealed that a new designed inlet configuration with this kind of geometry of an annealing furnace could be applied to minimize the temperature difference among steel pipes in steel annealing process. viii Preface Chapter14designedareal-timefacialexpressionclassificationthesamesystem using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) that could be used for security checks in public places. The design of the system is conducted in five stages. Initially, facial expression images for the seven categories are captured, preprocessed, and loaded into the system, so that there are ten images for each of the category, namely angry, disgust, sad, fear, neutral, happy and surprise. The network architecture is then defined by repeating convolution layer, batch nor- malization layer, rectified linear layer (ReLU), max pooling layer three times. A fully connected layer is then defined for training followed by a SoftMax layer. Chapter15aimedtofindtheinterdependencybetweencostandtimeproblemsin construction projects and determine which problem has major impact on the other problem to find its solution. The results show PSO is very fast in finding the interdependency between the problem and the method in searching which is very smooth as it finds the solution in the third iteration and that the effect on the problemoneontwoisslightlydifferentfromthetwoononewhichmeansthatboth require solution and it’s the same applied on the problem two and three which indicate that the construction phase is very critical and require great attention. Section III: IoT Applications in Biomedical Engineering Chapter16discussedanovelstrategyforautomatedwaterirrigationtogetherwitha platform for pest detection, whichcan beusedtocontrol thewater level andwater the crops in agricultural lands, accordingly, is presented in this paper. The water pump is triggered depending on the water level in the soil. In addition, we have implemented a new algorithm in this method to identify the pests in the plants. It will take reasonable measures to eradicateit, depending on the nature of infection. Theproposedalgorithm employed isbuiltontheextractionofappropriatefeatures from the plant leaves, and those features are utilized for classification. A comparison of the proposed algorithm with current algorithms like k-NN and decision tree was set up to yield admirable results. Chapter 17 created a small medical system within the context of the Health Telematics software that enables specialist doctors to use telescope tracking, long-range assistance and telecommunication from mobile health providers. The systemenablescriticalbiosignalsandphotographsofpatientstobesubmittedtothe hospital from site. Data are transmitted over a GSM network or Wi-Fi connection. Owing to the need to share and record data during telemedicine sessions, we have alignedtheconsultingnetworkwithadigitaldatabasethatcanstoreandhandlethe “ambulance” program captured data. Chapter18proposedagreenhouseautomationsystembasedonArduinoforthe monitoring of temperature, humidity and moisture of the soil. Arduino can obtain data on the environmental conditions of the greenhouse from various sensors and transferthedatatotheESP8266module.Consequently,itispossibletochangethe state of greenhouse control devices like fans, lamp heater and water pump in obedience to the necessary conditions of the crops. These parameters are modified Preface ix bythetypeofplanttomaximizetheirgrowth,theAloeVeraplantwasusedinthis project.ForthearchitectureoftheInternetofThingswasusedBlynkcomingfrom the embedded board and the communication link with the Blynk Server was throughtheWi-Fiprotocol.Resultsindicatethatthesystem allowsthecontroland monitoring inreal time ofthe greenhouse correctly. As a future improvement, it is intended with the data obtained, to search for the best optimal conditions for plant growth through artificial intelligence. Chapter 19 analyzed and discussed the impact of artificial intelligence on the HRMprocess.ApplicationofAItoolsforscreeningofcandidates,engagementsof employees and their career enhancement have been explained thoroughly. Some challenges in HR practices based on data science are extensive HR phenomenon, and there are many restraints due to small datasets. In this chapter, we have ana- lyzed the gaps between the realism of artificial intelligence in managing human resources and expectations. Suggestions have also been discussed for the progress tobemade.ThemethodswhichhavesustainableHRandtalentacquisition,training through the utilization of technology, have also been discussed in the present chapter.PracticalexamplestounderstandthecollaborationofworkingwithAIare considered as well. Chapter 20 identified the emergency call headed back to the location and to monitor the congestion system in order to provide efficient facilities. This journal alsosetsoutamethodthatusesaZigBeecomponentandInternetofThings(IoT)to transmit the treatment request from the ambulance to the nearby hospitals, while ambulance attaining the road junction, the smart traffic system which in turn changesthetrafficsignalcycle.Thissystemcanbeimplementedthroughoutthecity thereby reducing the delay. Chapter 21 proposedamethod,whichwill ensure road safety, women safetyas well elder people safety. Overall,the major threats anddifficulties faced by people will be prevented or solved using this application. Chapter22dealswiththebasicintroductiontotheconceptofInternetofThings (IoT), which is a concept that enables a device to connect to the Internet or other devices,henceformingagiantecosystem.TheIoTplatformactsasthebrainofthe system, while the devices linked together via IoT function as limbs. Section IV: Cyber Physical System Framework and Applications Chapter23introducedmultiplelinearmodelsfuzzyobjectivesasboththeobjective functions and variables coefficients (time) fuzzy numbers Trigonometric function wasusedtoconvertthefuzzynumberstothenormalformulaandthenconstructthe mathematical model and solve it using the goal programming method. Chapter 24 presented an effective technical solution for integrating and con- trolling a heavy robot of which all joints are driven by hydraulic actuators. The robot is designed to support workers for transferring hot and heavy workpieces between a heating furnace and a hydraulic press machine of a hot press forging shop floor. The control system of the robot is integrated mainly based on the