Echinoderm Aquaculture Echinoderm Aquaculture Edited by Nicholas P. Brown and Stephen D. Eddy Copyright©2015byWiley-Blackwell.Allrightsreserved PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyany means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise,exceptaspermittedunder Section107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,withouteitherthepriorwrittenpermissionofthe Publisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriateper-copyfeetotheCopyrightClearanceCenter, Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,(978)750-8400,fax(978)750-4470,oronthewebat www.copyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshouldbeaddressedtothePermissions Department,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,(201)748-6011,fax(201) 748-6008,oronlineathttp://www.wiley.com/go/permission. 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Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynotbe availableinelectronicformats.FormoreinformationaboutWileyproducts,visitourwebsiteatwww.wiley.com. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData: Seaurchinandseacucumberaquaculture/editedbyNicholasP.BrownandStephenD.Eddy. pagescm Includesindex. ISBN978-0-470-96038-7(cloth) 1.Seaurchinculture.2.Seacucumbers–Culturesandculturemedia.3.Aquaculture.I.Brown, NicholasP.,(NicholasPhilip),editor.II.Eddy,StephenD.,editor. SH399.S32S432015 639′.7–dc23 2015006612 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10987654321 Contents ListofContributors vii PartI: BiologyandExploitationofEchinoderms Chapter1. SeaUrchinEcologyandBiology 3 LarryG.HarrisandStephenD.Eddy Chapter2. UseandExploitationofSeaUrchins 25 JennySunandFu-SungChiang Chapter3. SeaCucumberBiologyandEcology 47 MatthewSlaterandJiaxinChen Chapter4. UseandExploitationofSeaCucumbers 57 MatthewSlater PartII: SeaUrchinAquaculture Chapter5. SeaUrchinAquacultureinJapan 77 TatsuyaUnuma,YuichiSakai,YukioAgatsuma, andTakaakiKayaba Chapter6. SeaUrchinAquacultureinChina 127 HuiLiuandYa-qingChang Chapter7. SeaUrchinAquacultureinNorway 147 JamesP.,SiikavuopioS.I.,andMortensenA. Chapter8. AquacultureoftheGreenSeaUrchinStrongylocentrotus droebachiensisinNorthAmerica 175 StephenD.Eddy,NicholasP.Brown,andLarryG.Harris Chapter9. SeaUrchinAquacultureinScotland 211 MaeveKelly,StefanoCarboni,ElizabethCook,andAdamHughes Chapter10. SeaUrchinAquacultureinAustralia 225 JaneE.Williamson Chapter11. SeaUrchinAquacultureinNewZealand 245 M.F.Barker Chapter12. EnhancingtheCommercialQualityofEdibleSeaUrchin Gonads–TechnologiesEmphasizingNutritivePhagocytes 263 CharlesW.Walker,S.A.Böttger,TatsuyaUnuma,StephenA.Watts, LarryG.Harris,AddisonL.Lawrence,andStephenD.Eddy v vi Contents PartIII: SeaCucumberAquaculture Chapter13. SeaCucumberFarminginJapan 289 H.Katow,S.Okumura,Y.Sakai,andC.Shibuya Chapter14. SeaCucumberAquacultureinChina 317 JiaxinChenandYaqingChang Chapter15. SeaCucumberFarminginSoutheastAsia(Malaysia,Philippines, Indonesia,Vietnam) 331 AmboTuwoandJoeharnaniTresnati Chapter16. SeaCucumberAquacultureinNewZealand 353 P.Heath,J.StentonDozey,andA.Jeffs Index 361 List of Contributors YukioAgatsuma TohokuUniversity,Japan M.F.Barker DepartmentofMarineScience,UniversityofOtago,Dunedin,NewZealand S.A.Böttger DepartmentofBiology,WestChesterUniversity,WestChester,PA,USA NicholasP.Brown CenterforCooperativeAquacultureResearch,UniversityofMaine,Franklin,ME,USA StefanoCarboni ArdtoeMarineLaboratory,Argyll,UK Ya-qingChang KeyLaboratoryofMaricultureandStockEnhancementinNorthChina’sSea,Ministryof Agriculture,DalianOceanUniversity,Dalian,China JiaxinChen Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, FisheryCollegeofWuxi,AgricultureUniversityofNanjing,Beijing,China Fu-SungChiang InstituteofAppliedEconomics,NationalTaiwanOceanUniversity,Keelung,Taiwan ElizabethCook ScottishAssociationforMarineScience,Oban,UK StephenD.Eddy CenterforCooperativeAquacultureResearch,UniversityofMaine,Franklin,ME,USA LarryG.Harris DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,UniversityofNewHampshire,Durham,NH,USA P.Heath NationalInstituteforWaterandAtmosphericResearchLtd,Wanganui,NewZealand AdamHughes ScottishAssociationforMarineScience,Oban,UK vii viii ListofContributors P.James Nofima - Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Tromsø, Norway A.Jeffs DepartmentofMarineScience,UniversityofAuckland,Auckland,NewZealand H.Katow ResearchCenterforMarineBiology,TohokuUniversity,Asamushi,Aomori,Japan TakaakiKayaba Kushiro Fisheries Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Kushiro, Hokkaido,Japan MaeveKelly ScottishAssociationforMarineScience,Oban,UK AddisonL.Lawrence Texas AgriLife Research Mariculture Laboratory, Texas A&M University System, Port Aransas,TX,USA HuiLiu Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China A.Mortensen Nofima - Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Tromsø, Norway S.Okumura SchoolofMarineBiosciences,KitasatoUniversity,Kitasato,Kanagawa,Japan YuichiSakai Mariculture Fisheries Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Muroran, Hokkaido,Japan C.Shibuya FacultyofAgricultureandLifeScience,HirosakiUniversity,Hirosaki,Aomori,Japan S.I.Siikavuopio Nofima - Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Tromsø, Norway MatthewSlater AquacultureResearchGroup,KnowledgeandTechnologyTransfer,Alfred-Wegener-Institut HelmholtzCenterforPolarandMarineResearch,Bremerhaven,Germany