CHAPTER 4 Arousal, Stress, and Anxiety Session Outline •  Is arousal the same as anxiety? •  Defining arousal and anxiety •  Measuring arousal and anxiety •  Relationship between trait and state anxiety •  Stress and the stress process •  Sources of stress and anxiety (continued) Session Outline (continued) •  How arousal and anxiety affect performance •  Why arousal influences performance •  Implications for practice •  Recognizing symptoms of arousal and state anxiety Is Arousal the Same as Anxiety? •  Arousal is a blend of psychological and physiological activation, varying in intensity along a continuum. •  Activation is a synonym for arousal. •  Anxiety is a negative emotional state with feelings of worry, nervousness, and apprehension associated with activation or arousal of the body. Behavioral Signs of Anxiety •  Synonyms for “anxious”? •  Behavioral signs your team mates are anxious? Recognizing Symptoms of Arousal and State Anxiety •  Cold, clammy hands •  Constant need to urinate •  Profuse sweating •  Negative self-talk •  Dazed look in eyes (continued) Recognizing Symptoms of Arousal and State Anxiety (continued) •  Feeling ill •  Headache •  Cotton (dry) mouth •  Constant sickness •  Difficulty sleeping (continued) Recognizing Symptoms of Arousal and State Anxiety (continued) •  Increased muscle tension •  Butterflies in stomach •  Inability to concentrate •  Consistently better performance in nonevaluative situations Measuring Arousal and Anxiety •  Physiological signs (heart rate, respiration, skin conductance, biochemistry) •  Global and multidimensional self-report scales (e.g., CSAI-2, SCAT, SAS) •  Complete SCAT now. Sources of Stress and Anxiety •  Situational sources –  Event importance –  Uncertainty •  Personal sources –  Trait anxiety –  Self-esteem –  Social physique anxiety