By focusing on the freedom of scientific research, teaching and study, the medieval university structure was modernized and enabled discoveries to become a professional, bureaucratically-regulated activity of the university. This opened the way for the victorious march of the natural sciences, and led to student movements--resulting in the university being ultimately cast in the role of a citadel of political struggle in a world-wide fight for freedom.   Also available:   Volume 1: Universities in the Middle Ages   0-521-36105-2 Hardback $140.00 C    Volume 2: Universities in Early Modern Europe (1500-1800)  0-521-36106-0 Hardback $130.00 C

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A History of the University in Europe: Volume 3, Universities the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800-1945) (A History of the University in Europe) PDF

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